1.1. The concept of the mental
1.2. Intentionality and consciousness
1.2.1. Mental states and states of the brain
2.2. Information, entropy, and data
2.4. Information and understanding
3.1. The knowledge contained in living things
3.2. Living things and non-living things
3.3. Understanding as an activity
3.4. Perception, memory, and decision
3.5. Evolution – learning by the species
3.5.1. Excursion: Machine learning